2015 год, №57
Economy
E.I. Artemova, L.A. Belova
«Krasnodar Territory agricultural development efficiency assessment in conditions of import substitution»
L.A. Belova, E.A. Mkrtychan
«Problems and tendencies of the Russian poultry industry development in terms of import substitution»
P.V. Burkovsky
«The role of public organizations in the economic development of a municipal district»
P.V. Burkovsky, S.A. Mamiy, A.I. Sergeyeva
«Problems and mechanisms of government support of agriculture in the Krasnodar Territory»
V.V. Gowdya, N.V. Morozov, K.A. Velichko
«Classification of livestock expenses in the format of registration-analytical clustercontrol analytical procedures»
Zh.V. Degaltseva, N.V. Dudkina
«The concept of the production accounting development in turbulent economy»
A.B. Melnikov, M.A. Svitenko
«Factors, indicators and priority directions of foreign economic security of Russia»
E.V. Rudoy, O.A. Vasilenko
«Theoretical position for formation of organizational and economic mechanism of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives development»
Agronomy, forestry and biology
R.A. Ghish, R.Kh. Bekov
«On promissing tomato varieties recommended to vegetable growers of the Russian south for import substitution»
R.A. Ghish, A.I. Petenko, V.E. Lazko
«Development prospects of the Kuban nutmeg pumpkin varieties production»
R.A. Ghish, A.I. Petenko, V.E. Lazko
«New promising pumpkin varieties adapted for condition of the Russian South»
E.M. Kabanova, V.V. Kazakova, V.S. Dinkova, N.V. Kolodko
«Variability in the structure of primary cortex of the root system and quantitative traits in breeding winter wheat hybrids grown in conditions of excess moisture»
E.M. Kabanova, V.V. Kazakova, A.A. Sivovol
«The influence of cytoplasmic male sterility on the length of panicle and the height of attachment of an corn ears»
L.Ya. Moreva, N.A. Lemeshev
«The current state of blood-sucking mosquitoes’ fauna structure in Krasnodar»
A.S. Naidenov, S.S. Terekhova, K.N. Gorskikh
«Influence of seeding rates, sowing method and sowing periods on productivity of winter barley in agro landscape of the steppe plains of Western Ciscaucasia»
A.S. Naidenov, S.S. Tetekhova, K.N. Gorskikh
«Photosynthetic activity and productivity of different organic winter Barley varieties depending on seeding rates, methods of sowing and planting dates»
E.A. Pikushova, D.A. Ogiyenko
«Physical application parameters effect on the effectiveness of the herbicide LACELOT 450, WDG on the winter wheat»
G.P. Pushkina, N.S. Tropina, R.N. Thaganov, A.J. Anikina
«The effectiveness of natural Hardy retardant in the oil-bearing crops»
V.S. Tskhovrebov, L.Yu. Derkacheva, A.M. Nikiforova, V.I. Terpelets
«Changing the acid-alkaline capacity of soils under the artificial forest stands in the Kislovodsk Park»
L.A. Shadrina, T.A. Dolbilova
«Correlation dependence of winter wheat variety of Yuka diseased with root rot on suppressive properties of soils in the experimental field of the Kuban State Agrarian University training farm "Kuban"»
Zootechnology and veterinary medicine
I.N. Bosykh, D.V. Osepchuk, L.N. Skvortsova, S.I. Kononenko
«Geese productivity changes by increasing the fat levels in the mixed feeds»
N.N. Gugushvily
«The influence of timogen and phytopreparations on the state of humoral immunity of cows in interlactation and postpartal periods»
N.N. Gugushvily, V.M. Gugushvily, T.A. Inyukina, A.F. Inyukin, E.A. Gorpinchenko, A.A. Lysenko, I.M. Beretar
«Fish flesh quality determination of various fish species in case of anakidosis»
E.A. Maxim, E.V. Chernyshev, N.A. Yurina, S.I. Kononenko
«Study of the forage additives in sturgeon rearing»
O.Yu. Chernykh, A.A. Shevchenko, G.A. Dzhailidi, V.A. Mishchenko, A.V. Mishchenko, V.N. Shevkoplyas
«The problem of acute edema and emphysema in ruminants»
O.Yu. Chernykh, A.A. Shevchenko, V.A. Mishchenko, A.V. Mishchenko, V.N. Shevkoplyas
«Аstrovirus infection of cattle»
Engineering and agrarian industrie
R.A. Amerkhanov, B.K. Tsygankov, D.A. Kozyukov
«State of solar photovoltaics energy development»
A.A. Varivoda
«Use of whey proteins microparticullate as the additive to low-fat processed cheeses»
V.G. Degtjarev, O.G. Degtjareva
«Experimental researches and mathematical 3D design of band rate-of-flow regulator»
N.V. Kozhenko, G.V. Degtjarev
«Research of liquid flow in laboratory sample of band plug-forming organ, reinforced by ledge on the band using SAE-systems of Flowvision»
I.I. Rudchenko, A.A. Musatov
«Key processes and parameters describing the behavior of building materials in fire conditions»
V.D. Taratuta, K.A. Belokur, G.V. Serga
«Rotary screw technology systems for combine harvesters»
List of authors is missing
Economy
UDC 338.2:338.43(470.620) SRScTI 06.39.02
E.I. Artemova, L.A. Belova
«Krasnodar territory agricultural development efficiency assessment in conditions of import substitution»
Current state assessment is given and trends of the Krasnodar Territory agricultural development are revealed in import substitution conditions. It isd established that the agricultural sector of economy in the region showed growth in 2000-2014 its share in the gross agricultural product of Russia was 8%. Unprofitable enterprises share has decreased in the rewgion on the background of the reduction in the overall number of agricultural organizations. The loss per one unprofitable organization has increased 2,4 times and the balance sheet profit was double and amounted 24,6 billion rubles in the reporting year. The most rapid development rate was in crop growing, which has been confirmed by the positive dynamics of the main crops production volumes. The analysis revealed the stable trend of cattle popu-lation decrease, including cows and horses for the 2010-2014 period. The amount of production for such species as cattle and poultry for slaughter (in live weight), beef and veal, milk, eggs, decreased in relation to 2010 as well as to 2013. In the period under review the profit of agricultural organizations was increasing at a higher rate in cattle breeding. The profitability level in 2014 being much higher in crop growing (32,6% versus 19,7% in livestock). Insufficient activity of the of regional innovation en-vironment functioning in the agricultural sector has been revealed. The strategic priorities of the industry development in import substitution conditions has been determined, including its adaptation to crisis conditions, the need to increase efficiency and agricultural production competitiveness based on accelerated innovative technologies introduction, improvement of the system improvement of complex governmental domestic producers support, including highly qualified personnel training and retraining for village, adequate tax and the finance and credit politics.
UDC 338.43:636.5 (470+571) SRScTI 68.75.13
L.A. Belova, E.A. Mkrtychan
«Problems and tendencies of the russian poultry industry development in terms of import substitution»
The basic poultry industry problems and ways of their overcoming are discussed in coinditions of import substitution. Dynamics of poultry industry production and consumption is analyzed. A conclusion is made on the necessity to build an integrated approach to the implementation of poultry farming de-velopment concept in the new economic conditions conducive to import substitution, to increase the competitiveness of the Krasnodar Territory and Russia on the world food market.
UDC 338.431.2 SRScTI 06.61.01
P.V. Burkovsky
«The role of public organizations in the economic development of a municipal district»
The article is devoted to improvement of qualitative parameters of social development at the municipal district government level. The object of the research was factors influencing the process of organizational interaction and regulation of social development at the district management level.
UDC 338.012 SRScTI 06.71.07
P.V. Burkovsky, S.A. Mamiy, A.I. Sergeyeva
«Problems and mechanisms of government support of agriculture in the krasnodar territory»
In article presents the tendencies of the modern state of agriculture of the Krasnodar region and the activities proposed for the solution of identified problems, taking into account government policies on the development of import substitution.
UDK 631.162:657.47:005-047.44:636.2.034 SRScTI 06.35.31
V.V. Gowdya, N.V. Morozov, K.A. Velichko
«Classification of livestock expenses in the format of registration-analytical clustercontrol analytical procedures »
The livestock industry modern problems of costs management are considered in the article. The func-tioning of module type accounting and analytical cluster of agricultural market major economic agent has been assessed. It based on a retrospective analysis of the scientific literature and a special survey of large agricultural units. In the accounting and analytical cluster oif an organization the module of production accounting for the calculation items and elements allows livestock production unit cost determination, its efficiency and competitiveness, as well as the factors that influence the prime cost and the main trends of costs reduction. The legislative regulation of costs composition and accounting in agricultural organizations provides a more accurate and precise accopunting based on the specifics of the livestock industry. It is established that science-based work of cost control management module covers all stages of budgeting, structural units and responsibility centers. It allows more accurate and properly keep records. The science-based work of cost control management module covers all stages of budgeting, structural units and responsibility centers has been established in the article. This allows quick respond to situations changes or deviations from the original plan (budget expenditure). The authors have proved: the budgeting and management costs control are components of accounting and analytical cluster, it represent accounting processes of modeling future situations in the implementation of industrial development programs for the livestock industry. Based on scientific research and practical experience generalizations principles of costs differentiation in livestock are developed in view of sector’s features. The role and appointment of the control and analysis moduleis justified, the main rules of cost accounting are pointed out, their control algorithm and typical errors are highlighted.
UDC 657.2 SRScTI 06.35.31
Zh.V. Degaltseva, N.V. Dudkina
«The concept of the production accounting development in turbulent economy»
The development of management accounting strategy is considered, and the production accounting is its integral component where issues of the organization of plant growing costs for production accounting, animal husbandry and its processings production, as well as calculation of prime cost of finished goods and a work in progress are put in the forefront. It, first of all, is caused by practice of production management and financial activity of agrarian formations and emergence of new requirements to information on production costs, efficiency of production resources use, rationality of release of finished goods, works and services. Various techniques of expenses accounting are described, the applied classifications of expenses in agrarian formations are investigated that allows suggestion of expenses classification in terms of administrative functions. This classification of expenses will allow management accounting efficiency increase, to increase its analyticity and possibilities of identification of reserves for production and commercial activity productivity increase. The important place is also given to the isssues of production costs management as it is impossible to operate profit and production efficiency reasonably without the correct assessment of real expenses. The centers of expenses management responsibility are defined and the expenses calculation technique on the basis of standard accounting is developed which will allow to reveal essential deviations from the established standards which, in turn, will give the real chance to increase quality of control over the implementation of goals and administrative tasks in systems of accounting and tax accounting, and classification of expenses within the production account is offered as well as. In the conclusion the management accounting creation principles are given in the agricultural organizations and the assessment of agrarian sector and state of the economy is given on the whole.
UDC 339.544 (56.055) SRScTI 06.51.25
A.B. Melnikov, M.A. Svitenko
«Factors, indicators and priority directions of foreign economic security of russia»
The rate of the current state of foreign economic security of Russia is given. The concept of factors di-rectly and indirectly affecting the safety of Russian foreign trade is presented, among which are: eco-nomic, legal, organizational, social and political, foreign economic, marketing, productional, economic and socio-demographic ones. The influence of these factors to achieve the strengthening and preservation of the external economic safety of an independent state, as a major component of economic security is revealed. Global threats to security of the world economy are grouped. The strategies to ensure the security of foreign trade in such countries as USA, UK, France, Italy and Japan are analyzed, and their basic postulates are identified. The main indicators characterizing the level of the external economic security are presented, and the priority areas of its provision are substantiated, including for Russia. The thresholds main indicators of foreign economic security of the state and possible socio-economic consequences after achieving them are given. The level of the external economic safety of the Russian Federation is calculated, which is characterized by low GDP ratio of foreign exchange reserves to imports, R & D expenditures, the proportion of population with incomes below the subsistence level, the share of high-tech products in exports and high levels of imports in domestic consumption. Options for foreign economic security of Russia by identifying priority areas for achieving a high level of external economic security in the country are considered.
UDC 633.1 SRScTI 68.75.31
E.V. Rudoy, O.A. Vasilenko
«Theoretical position for formation of organizational and economic mechanism of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives development »
Theoretical aspects of the organizational-economic mechanism development of agricultural credit con-sumer cooperatives are considered. The notion andcontent of “organizational and economic mecha-nism”, its components and the external environment is disclosed, in which organizational and economic mechanism of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives and their system is formed, have been considered in the article. The problems constraining the functioning of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives: institutional constraints, low availability of financial resources, weak infrastructure are revealed. The share of ACCC in Russia that meet the needs of small businesses in rural areas in bor-rowed funds is low. Priority directions of agrarian and industrial complex development in Russia are outlined. The necessity to improve the state support and financial infrastructure is pointed out. The increase of the resource base to meet the needs of agricultural producers at the expense of the savings of the rural population; bank loans; receiving government support is of great importance. The key directions of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives development are: optimization of the overdue debt on issued loans and its prevention; the creation of reserves; the formation of necessary material and technical base of cooperatives for a more efficient operation of the entire system; increase of credit resources for the purpose of mutual financial aid funds replenishment.
Agronomy, forestry and biology
UDC 635.64(470.6) SRScTI 68.35.51
R.A. Gish, R.Kh. Bekov
«On promissing tomato varieties recommended to vegetable growers of the russian south for import substitution »
The characteristic of new tomato varieties of different use, suitable for cultivation in intensive technol-ogies in the open field is given. Varieties competitiveness allows them to be used for import substitution.
UDC 635.625(470.62) SRScTI 68.35.51
R.A. Gish, A.I. Petenko, V.E. Lazko
«Development prospects of the kuban nutmeg pumpkin varieties production »
Biochemical composition peculiarities and prospects for new pumpkin varieties use are determined. The possibilities of the raw pumpkin storage period prolongation are demonstrated.
UDC 635.625(470.62) SRScTI 68.35.51
R.A. Ghish, A.I. Petenko, V.E. Lazko
«New promising pumpkin varieties adapted for condition of the russian south»
Domestic breeding pumpkin varieties are proposed, characterized by complex resistance to environmental conditions, high productivity, excellent flesh taste, processability.
UDC 631.527.5:633.111 «324»:581.43]:631.432 SRScTI 63.35.03
E.M. Kabanova, V.V. Kazakova, V.S. Dinkova, N.V. Kolodko
«Variability in the structure of primary cortex of the root system and quantitative traits in breeding winter wheat hybrids grown in conditions of excess moisture »
The issues of hybrid forms selection effectiveness that are more resilient to flooding with high produc-tivity are considered. The estimation of the variability of the structure of the root system primary cortex and quantitative traits in hybrids of winter wheat grown in conditions of excessive moisture.
UDC 631.527: 581.47:633.15 SRScTI 63.35.03
E.M. Kabanova, V.V. Kazakova, A.A. Sivovol
«The influence of cytoplasmic male sterility on the length of panicle and the height of attachment of an corn ears»
The influence of cytoplasm on such morphological traits as panicle length and height of corn ears at-tachment is considered. The original lines of maize and their sterile analogues and fertility restorers served as material for the study.
UDC 595.771(470.620) SRScTI 34.33.19
L.Ya. Moreva, N.A. Lemeshev
«The current state of blood-sucking mosquitoes’ fauna structure in krasnodar»
The territory of Krasnodar is a favorable place for mass reproduction and distribution of most species of synanthropic insects, including mosquitoes. A large number of small standing water on the city territory also improves conditions for the accumulation of blood-sucking Dipteran vectors of dangerous diseases pathogens. The goal of this work was to study the territory of Krasnodar city on the abundance and species composition of mosquitoes of the Culicidae (diptera) family. Exploring the city territory we used the methods of catching, storing and determining their species composition. The study emphasized the main breeding sites of mosquito larvae. Six species belonging to 3 genera were identified, the percentage of mosquitoes that are potential vectors of diseases in animals and humans was identified as well. In this regard there was a need for activities aimed at combating these dangerous insects. Control measures against mosquitoes include sanitary-preventive and destructive measures.
UDC 636.16 «324»:631.53.01(470.62) SRScTI 68.35.29
A.S. Naidenov, S.S. Terekhova, K.N. Gorskikh
«Influence of seeding rates, sowing method and sowing periods on productivity of winter barley in agro landscape of the steppe plains of western ciscaucasia»
We consider the reaction of winter barley varieties of different morphological types: Rubezh, Romans, and Sarmat for seeding rates, methods of sowing and sowing. It was found that the highest yield of the Rubezh and Sarmat varieties was obtained by sowing at the optimum time, with a seeding rate of 4 million. Pcs. / Ha and the width between rows - 15 cm, Romance varieties with an optimal time of sowing, seeding rate -3,000,000. Pcs. / ha and width of 15 cm between rows.
UDC 633.16 «324»:631.5]: 581.132 SRScTI 68.35.29
A.S. Naidenov, S.S. Tetekhova, K.N. Gorskikh
«Photosynthetic activity and productivity of different organic winter barley varieties depending on seeding rates, methods of sowing and planting dates»
On leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia in plain-steppe agrolandscape seeding rates , methods of sowing and sowing for the formation of optimum leaf area and obtaining high yields of winter barley varieties of different morphological types were identified. The high correlation between the leaf surface and the yield of winter barley grain has been established.
UDC 632.982.1:632.954:633.1»324» SRScTI 68.37.13
E.A. Pikushova, D.A. Ogiyenko
«Physical application parameters effect on the effectiveness of the herbicide lacelot 450, wdg on the winter wheat»
The article presents the indicators of the biological and economic efficiency of the herbicide Lancelot 450, WDG on winter wheat varieties Sila, predecessor soybeans, depending on the nozzles type, pressure and forward speed of the sprayer.
UDC 633.88.631.53 SRScTI 68.33.29
G.P. Pushkina, N.S. Tropina, R.N. Thaganov, A.J. Anikina
«The effectiveness of natural hardy retardant in the oil-bearing crops»
The article presents data on the dynamics of essential oil accumulation in the raw sage (Salvia of-ficinalis L.) and bistort Moldovan (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under the influence of the new natural Hardy retardant, active substances which are o-diphenols and epibrassinolide. The conducted studies have shown that sage plant and bistort treatment with Hardy in the budding phase has no effect on crop yields and promotes increase of essential oil content and its output per hectare. The terms for harvesting the raw material after processing with retardant are determined.
UDC 631.41:630*228 (470.630) SRScTI 68.05.48
V.S. Tskhovrebov, L.Yu. Derkacheva, A.M. Nikiforova, V.I. Terpelets
«Changing the acid-alkaline capacity of soils under the artificial forest stands in the kislovodsk park »
The change of pH on the profile of different soils in the area of Kislovodsk park under such plantings as pine, birch, maple, ash and oak in comparison with natural cenoses (virgin has been studied). The acidification of soil surfaces under woody vegetation was established, the most significant being under pine (3,01 units) and least significant under the birch and oak (0,2-0,4 units).
UDC 632.4: 633.11 «324»: 631.466. 12 (470.620.) SRScTI 68.37.31
L.A. Shadrina, T.A. Dolbilova
«Correlation dependence of winter wheat variety of yuka diseased with root rot on suppressive properties of soils in the experimental field of the kuban state agrarian university training farm "kuban"»
Root rot severity decrease is of great importance in the implementation of high potential yielding ca-pacity of modern winter wheat varieties. Winter wheat rot - a disease of the roots and basal part of the stem caused by one or a complex semiparasitic fungi (Fusarium sp., Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem., Ophiobolus graminis Sacc., Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Pythium Pringsh. et al.). These agents may be contained not only in soil, on plant debris and transferred with the seeds, but also develop in soil in the absence of the host -plant. This reduces the suppressive properties of soil and can eventually lead to epiphytotic outbreaks. In this regard, the goal of the study was the monitoring of the species composition of root rot pathogens in the conditions of the use of science-based on long crop rotation and the definition of dependence of winter wheat plants defeat from this disease due to suppressive properties of the soil. Research was conducted in 2012 - 2014 on the basis of long-term stationary field Kuban State Agrarian University experiment on Yuka winter wheat variety, sown after the alfalfa predecessor. The root rot surveys were conducted with the use of VIZR conventional methods, beginning with germination phase, tillering. Winter wheat was grown on the background of increased soil fertility with fertilizers applied in the dose N88P60K40. The three-year monitoring revealed that each year the roots of Yuka variety winter wheat were hit by four types of the causative agent. The share of Fusarium infections accounted for 95% of the total number of infected plants. Representativeness of Helminthosporium, Cercosporella and scurf root rot was only 5%. The intensity of the development and distribution of root rot depended on autumn and spring weather conditions, as well as elements of winter wheat cultivation technology. At the same time the main factor reducing the development and spread of root rot was mineral nutrition. The moderating influence of fertilizers on the background of the aftereffect of manure in 2013-2014 was the highest, the spread of root rot decreased 1.8-2 times compared with the control variant. The use of some mineral fertilizers reduced the spread of root rot 1.3-1.4 times. It is found that the the deterrent effect of mineral fertilizers on on root rot damage in combination with organic and individually related to increased suppressively of the soil in these options the lesion root rots both in combination with organic and individually is associated with increased soils suppressiveness in these variants. In variants with fertilizers application antifitopatogenny capacity of soil increased by 2.2 - 8 times. Suppressive soil properties affect winter wheat defeat with root rot. This influence has the character of an inverse correlation with a correlation coefficient equal to - 0.8, and the coefficient of determination of 64%.
Zootechnology and veterinary medicine
UDC 636.085.14 SRScTI 68.39.15
I.N. Bosykh, D.V. Osepchuk, L.N. Skvortsova, S.I. Kononenko
«Geese productivity changes by increasing the fat levels in the mixed feeds»
The effect of elevated levels of crude fat, due to the introduction of vegetable fat, in the starter complete feed for young geese on their feeding characteristics and production efficiency. It was found that complete feeds for young geese with a crude fat content of 6.1-8.1% in the period from 5- to 28 days of age increases the gross weight gain by 0,8-3,0%, while feeds costs per unit of weight gain is reduced by 3,2-4,9%, as compared to the use of starter compound feed with 5,1% of crude fat.
UDC 619:615.322:612.017.11]:636.2.082.4 SRScTI 68.41.37
N.N. Gugushvily
«The influence of timogen and phytopreparations on the state of humoral immunity of cows in interlactation and postpartal periods»
The study results demonstrated that the level of immunoglobulins of the basic classes have undergone considerable changes during pregnancy and postpartum of cows, and depending on the season. By evaluation humoral immunity parameters in various physiological periods (the level of immunoglobulin A, M and G) we can state its definite increase from the beginning of pregnancy until the seventh month, followed by a decrease in the concentration of immunoglobulins until the birth and in the early postpartum period. Then, on the 5th-7th day after the birth IgA and IgG level was increasing and approached its maximum on the 19th-21th day of a postpartum period of cows. The application of ar-gechin and sodechin in interlactation and postpartal periods enabled to discover immunotropic effect of medications, referred to the humoral immunity parameters, indicating the increase in levels of the tested immunoglobulins. In addition, in experimental groups where herbal remedies were used, cases of birth defects were rare, sick animals responded to treatment well and recovered quickly, cows timely entered the estrus period, which resulted in a fruitful insemination. The clinical application of argechin and sodechin allowed to reduce distinctly the incidence of postpartal mastitis morbidity of cows by 38-40% and that of endometritis - by 31-37%. Furthermore, it should be noted that herbal medicines provided the uterotropic action, as evidenced 3-fold reduction of cases of retained placenta. The research has shown that cows treated with argechin and sodechin demonstrated the reduction of sterility period by 20-23 days. Animals entered estrus period faster and being inseminated fruitfully they reproduced more viable offspring. The usage of herbal remedies to improve the immunobiological organism reactivity and prevention of obstetric and gynecological diseases is economically expedient. A payback of veterinary measures with the application of argechin and sodechin came up to 4-5 rubles per 1 ruble invested.
UDC 619:614.31:[639.22:616.99 SRScTI 68.41.31
N.N. Gugushvily, V.M. Gugushvily, T.A. Inyukina, A.F. Inyukin, E.A. Gorpinchenko, A.A. Lysenko, I.M. Beretar
«Fish flesh quality determination of various fish species in case of anakidosis»
As a result of the investigation it was established, that an intensive invasion of anchovy and capelin by larvae Anisakis causes the decrease of biological value of fish. At the same time the infested fish demonstrated a shift of pH value towards the alkaline reaction, indicating the pathological processes caused by larvae Anisakis destroying directly the integrity of tissues, as well as by their metabolic products (toxins) that have a negative effect on the tissues and organs. Reductase enzyme activity of non-infested fish was negative and, on the contrary, it was positive regardless of larvae Anisakis infestation level. The primary protein breakdown in fish not infested by Anisakis larvae was absent in the muscle tissue and, on the contrary, a qualitative response to the copper sulphate in the presence of at least one larvae showed that the broth contained flakes or blue gelatinous clot, indicating the primary protein breakdown in infested fish muscle tissue. An optical density of anchovy and capelin uninfested by larvae Anisakis was 0,49 and 0,30, respectively, indicating a questionable freshness of fish. In the remaining samples of fish, where Anisakis larvae werte revealed, there was an increase in optical density, indicating the pathological processes caused by the larvae directly, as well as by waste products of helminthes destroying tissue integrity. High levels of optical density apparently depended on the degree of infestation by helminthes, that was confirmed by physical and chemical test of fish under study. In the test samples of fish (anchovy, capelin) non-infested with larvae Anisakis, the ammonia content was up to 30 mg / kg of mince, which indicated the absence of deep protein breakdown. Regardless of the marine fish invasion degree ammonia was accumulated in their muscle tissue. Furthermore, at the maximum degree of infestation by larvae Anisakis, both aerobic and anaerobic processes of deep protein breakdown apparently occurred in muscle tissue.
UDC 639.3.043/636 SRScTI 68.39.15
E.A. Maxim, E.V. Chernyshev, N.A. Yurina, S.I. Kononenko
«Study of the forage additives in sturgeon rearing»
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cavia probiotic treatment and feeding them in the composition of the juvenile sturgeon diet. Fish grown with the use of probiotics, which successfully replace feed antibiotics and chemotherapy, is environmentally safe product. Turning to independent, active feeding, fish fry constantly swallows water, including carrying out the act of breathing. Therefore, the most important thing in this critical period is to populate the gut with probiotic cultures to enhance immunity. If the purity of the water in the farm animals’ drinkers can be controlled, the full control of the pond habitat is difficult, since the pond is a natural ecosystem. The effect of the probiotics in aquaculture is undeniable but the data on how these effects are achieved are scarce. Nevertheless, advances in science allow to state that the beneficial effects of probiotics may occur through a direct antagonistic effect against specific groups of organisms (formation of antibacterial substances), competition for nutrients and life space, microbial metabolic change (increase or decrease in enzymatic activity, stimulation of the immune system et al.). Maintaining healthy balance of intestinal microflora creates optimal conditions for the growth and development of fish. Based on the obtained data, we recommend treating the eggs and larvae in the hatchery sturgeon on sturgeon fish farms in order to increase their survival and productivity by 7-11%.
UDC 619:616.24:639.111.6 SRScTI 68.41.53
O.Yu. Chernykh, A.A. Shevchenko, G.A. Dzhailidi, V.A. Mishchenko, A.V. Mishchenko, V.N. Shevkoplyas
«The problem of acute edema and emphysema in ruminants»
Extensive and semi-intensive system of production are used in most cases in the Russian Federation. In a number of economic entities of our country engaged in cattle fattening acute respiratory disease of animals was diagnosed, followed by the death of the diseased. Strong depression, shortness of breath, wheezing, staggering gait, drooling, tympanum were recorded in diseased animals. Sick animals stood with their heads up, necks stretched out and tried to breath in a large amount of air, breathing open-mouthed. In some diseased animals croup subcutaneous emphysema was recorded. At autopsy of dead animals, it was found that the cause of death was asphyxiation caused by acute atypical interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary edema and emphysema. The diseased animals had tachypnea (80 breaths per minute). The body temperature was within the physiological norm. These laboratory studies adid not allow revealing the etiology of respiratory pathology. Common to all farms was the useof juicy fresh cut green mass of legumes (ekspartset, alfalfa, clover), grown on fields with large amounts of organic fertilizer for feeding cattle. The disease course was hyperacute and acute, the morbidity in the individual farms was within 30%. In the absence of timely symptomatic treatment up to 10% of the diseased dropped out. The disease in meat cattle breeds got ill grazing on lush young vegetation in Europe is known for more than 200 years. The pathology was registered in the UK, USA, Canada, Scotland, Belgium, Spain and some other European countries, as well as in New Zealand and Australia. As a precaution, the researchers recommend gradually and slowly to move to a new protein-rich animal feeds. Some experts believe that in the pastures with vegetation rich in tryptophan less sensitive animals should be the first to graze, including young cattle under 15 months of age or sheep.
UDC 619:578.8-07:636.22/.28 SRScTI 68.41.53
O.Yu. Chernykh, A.A. Shevchenko, V.A. Mishchenko, A.V. Mishchenko, V.N. Shevkoplyas
«Аstrovirus infection of cattle»
Using electron microscopy, PCR and metagenomic analysis astroviruses were found in samples of pathological material from domestic and wild animals including: dairy cattle and meat breeds, sheep, deer, pigs, dogs, cheetah, mink, cats, mice, rats, bats, pinnipeds, dolphins, killer whales, turkeys and ducks in Brazil, Great Britain, Hungary, Hong Kong, China, Korea, Scotland, USA, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland. A typical representative is human astrovirus of first serotype. From samples of pathological material astroviruses were isolated which represented by eight types. As a part of the Astroviridae family two are distinguished: Avastrovirus and Mamastrovirus. Viruses belonging to the genus Avastrovirus cause abnormalities in birds. Pathogens belonging to the genus Mamastrovirus cause pathology in mammals. Astroviruses are widespread among animals of different species. A wide range of infected species, the genetic diversity of viral recombination testifies to the possibile cross-species transmission and subsequent adaptation of the pathogen to the new hosts. Available data suggest the possibility of the emergence of new astroviruses that can cause various diseases in commensal and wild animals, there is a need to consider astroviruses when examining foci of disease with unknown etiology. American, Canadian, Swiss researchers using metagenomic analysis, PCR and molecular hybridization in samples of brain and spinal cord of cattle with symptoms of central nervous system defeat with unknown etiology have discovered neurotrophic astroviruses.
Engineering and agrarian industrie
UDC 621.31:535.215 SRScTI 44.41.35
R.A. Amerkhanov, B.K. Tsygankov, D.A. Kozyukov
«State of solar photovoltaics energy development»
Solar power engineering is among the leading renewable energy sources (RES). The urgency of solar photovoltaic power plants (SFPP) increases due to the electricity tariffs increase, with a reduction to the quality and reliability of electricity supply. Using the SFPP potential is aimed at saving energy (energy saving), energy efficiency and energy diversification. The development of solar energy is an important direction in solving the energy, economic, environmental and social problems of the population, industry and agriculture, and is the most suitable one for autonomous power supply. Analytical review of the solar photovoltaics development rate in the world for ten years (2004-2014) is presented in the article. The total power of photovoltaic installations in the world at the end of 2014 isgiven. The SFPP growth values in the leading countries with an indication of the main measures of state support are presented. The main provisions of the Energy Strategy of Russia up to 2030 in relation to renewable energy development forecasts are considered. The examples of implemented SFPP projects in Russia for the period 2010-2014 are presented. The prospects of the development solar energy in some regions of the country are considered. The world and domestic manufacturers of solar cells and modules for terrestrial applications are reprted on. The classification and a brief description of photovoltaic power systems are presented. It is proposed to classify SFPP according to the criterion of presence or absence of electric energy storage devices (batteries).
UDC 637.344.8 SRScTI – 65.63.39
A.A. Varivoda
«Use of whey proteins microparticullate as the additive to low-fat processed cheeses»
The article considers the problem of complete and rational use of whey, which will allow increasing economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of milk-processing industries. The whey proteins are the most valuable component of whey and can be converted into an edible composition - milk fat simulator by physical and chemical modification of their properties, namely by a microparticle process. The whey proteins subjected to microparticle processing behave as fats and can act as fat substitutes in the production of dairy products such as cheeses. The new compositions of processed cheeses with whey proteins microparticullate are developed for this purpose. In the producing of cheese the proteins subjected to microparticle process improve the consistency and taste of low-fat cheeses very much. Introduction into the low-fat processed cheese whey proteins microparticullate increases the biological value, as its main component is whey proteins.
UDC 627.84 SRScTI 68.31.21
V.G. Degtjarev, O.G. Degtjareva
«Experimental researches and mathematical 3d design of band rate-of-flow regulator»
In the rice irrigatory systems there is plenty enough of water losses due to off-grade water allocation management, including from band rate-of-flow regulator not intended for to joint work with the au-tomation systems. Hence the development, research and introduction into practice of reliable and high-efficiency band rate-of-flow regulators for rice checks considered as elements of the automation system is an actual and meaningful task. Having analysed the available water adjusting facilities, we established that according to its structural and technological features the most effective are the band rate-of-flow regulators. Their advantage is that their structural chart is simple enough and they are reliable in exploitation. At the same time insignificant structural revisions allow to get practically any, in advance set, output characteristics of regulators, up to the linear ones, that provide their good adjustment in automation systems. The variant of regulator hydraulic study is comprehensively considered in the article, originally, without any additions, but taking into account a volume design. The proposed study, analysis of the distribution of velocities and pressures in the design of band regulator, will allow you to have a basic reference model against which it will be possible to analyze the degree of influence of constructive and technological changes on the newly developed devices work. There was designеd Band rate-of-flow regulator was designed in the software package AUTO CAD 2015, using the PSI-SYSTEM FLOW VISION and SOLID WORKS. Task of water flow modeling was solved in the bulk of the production, including at the time of closing in 1mm tape passage opening of the regulator. The obtained results allowed band regulator work comprehensive analysis, as a hydraulically operating device and to carry out a deeper research of its structural and technological parameters.
UDC 627.84 SRScTI 68.31.21
N.V. Kozhenko, G.V. Degtjarev
«Research of liquid flow in laboratory sample of band plug-forming organ, reinforced by ledge on the band using sae-systems of flowvision»
Hydraulic researches of band regulators of water flow and level are presented with a cantilever ledge on the band from a flexible insert using the SAE-system for the exclusion of unregulated leakage through the communicating opening, which is not fully blocked thereby increasing unauthorized water consumption.
UDC 624.01(075.8) SRScTI 67.09.45
I.I. Rudchenko, A.A. Musatov
«Key processes and parameters describing the behavior of building materials in fire conditions»
The paper investigated and substantiated the parameters characterizing the behavior of building materials under fire conditions. The temperature deformation and modification changes were examined. For metals, stone structures, polymers the changes of their strength, thermo-physical, physical-mechanical and fire-technical properties were investigated. A prediction regarding the specific areas of application materials was fulfilled as well as the following. Determination of the oxygen index. The processes of dissociation and dehydration. Moisture transport features of physically and chemically bound water were highlighted. The changes in the relative strength of the gypsum by heating in an unloaded condition were studied and graphically shown. We derive several comparative tests and methods. The first group of methods is mainly laboratory methods for selecting the most suitable material. The second group allows you to predict the behavior of the material with respect to individuaL application. The third group - evaluation methods that allow definition of the scope of materials, structures and products. We have carried out: experimental research methods of physical and mechanical properties of building materials (density, hardness, durability); methods of evaluation of fire-technical properties; characteristics evaluating these properties for concrete, steel; the nature and method of determining the oxygen index for materials; determination of ignition temperature; methods of determining the smoke-forming ability and toxicity of combustion products; criteria for evaluation and classification of materials according to these indicators; the method of experimental determination of the slow-burning flammables and flammable solid substances and materials group; classification; the method of determining the group of nonflammable building materials; criteria for evaluation of non-combustible building materials. Researches were vconducted and the changes rergarding the strength of dry Portland cement stone when heated in an unloaded condition expressed graphically, as well as changes in the relative deformation of cement paste when heated in an unloaded condition. Changes in the relative strength of concrete on Portland cement by heating in an unloaded condition; under the equilibrium moisture content; after drying to constant weight were studied and constructed graphically. Modification of the relative strength of the heavy concrete strength with granite aggregate by heating in an unloaded state was studied and graphically constructed.
UDC 621.938 SRScTI 68.85.35
V.D. Taratuta, K.A. Belokur, G.V. Serga
«Rotary screw technology systems for combine harvesters»
The research results of rotary screw systems with regard to the creation of direct-flow combine harvesters are presented. The use of the proposed once-through designs of combine harvesters, in comparison with the known structures of similar purpose combines, significantly increases the capacity of threshing-separation device by performing it in the form of coaxially mounted with clearance spiral rotors, drums and sieves, made hollow with side walls, assembled from separate strips or plates of different geometric shape with the inside formation of smooth or broken of the screw grooves, and the outer surface of the spiral lines and spiral surfaces.